Bhutan Climate Platform

Bhutanese economy is primarily agriculture-based and agriculture sector
 contributes 17% to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as provides livelihoods for about 57% of its population. 

Agriculture in Bhutan is highly influenced by climate change extreme events. This paper analyzes and reviews the climate change scenario, climate smart agriculture (CSA), policies and programs to address adaptation and mitigation strategies, and practices in Bhutan. Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGs) in Bhutan is estimated to be 1.559 megatons (Mt) Carbon Dioxide equivalent (CO2eq), while the CO2 sequestration capacity is estimated at 6.3Mt, and hence, the net emissions is at -4.7Mt. Bhutan’s forest cover of more than 71% significantly contributes to preserving carbon sinks in the country. 

However, the increasing trend of GHGs emissions in recent years indicates imminent adverse effects on the agriculture system if appropriate and timely measures are not put in place. Glacier-melt and glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), erratic rainfall and water supply, flash floods and droughts, hails, windstorms, and emergence of new pests and diseases are some important and emerging climate change effects. Bhutan lacks institutional, infrastructure, and technical capacity in responding to changing climate and its effects, particularly in agriculture. Urgent response from the government and concerned stakeholders is crucial to undertake key actions and minimize the effects of climate change to improve food and nutrition security and contribute to reducing poverty in the country. Promoting climate smart agricultural (CSA) could contribute to resilient agriculture, and formulationof commodity specific policies and programs will help align international commitments with national and sub-national goals.